Las civilizaciones antiguas: formación del Estado arcaico y las primeras sociedades urbanas
Linda Rosa Manzanilla (Colnal)
(Segunda sesión)
Este ciclo de conferencias abordará casos emblemáticos del surgimiento de Estados arcaicos: Mesopotamia, Egipto, Teotihuacan, el Estado zapoteco de Oaxaca y su diferencia con las ciudades-Estado mayas. Se describirá cómo fue el proceso de transformación de sociedades que no eran estatales hasta convertirse en éstas y el tipo de Estado que originaron. Se pondrá énfasis en los factores importantes de transformación para cada caso.
Programa:
17 h — Egipto
19 h — El Estado zapoteco y su comparación con las ciudades-Estado mayas
Poder y dinero, ¿pueden hacernos felices? Nuestro deseo constante de más es parte de nuestra naturaleza humana. ¿Cuál debería ser el límite?
Unos dicen que es un legado útil de la evolución; otros, que es un error en el programa genético. El viejo pecado capital de la codicia parece más actual que nunca. ¿Por qué algunos seres humanos no tienen nunca suficiente? ¿A dónde conduce tal desmesura? ¿Se puede romper el círculo vicioso de la satisfacción de las necesidades?
«A las personas les gusta poseer cosas, pues les da la sensación de vivir eternamente». Son palabras del psicólogo social estadounidense Sheldon Solomon, para quien el fetichismo de la mercancía y la fiebre consumista actuales son nefastos. En la era del ego, quien no consigue satisfacer sus deseos materiales, recibe el sello de «perdedor». Pero, con una población mundial de más de 7000 millones de personas, las consecuencias del consumo de recursos desmedido son manifiestas. ¿El estado deplorable de nuestro planeta no demuestra que el «programa de la codicia», que nos ha hecho adictos a la propiedad, al estatus y al poder, toca a su fin? O, ¿es la sed de poseer un ingrediente inseparable de la naturaleza humana? Indagamos en la esencia de la codicia. Y les contamos las historias de personas, que, de forma activa, como víctimas o consumidores desenfrenados, son partes integrantes de un paulatino cambio de valores.
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A school full of child coal miners, are lucky to see the classroom once a week. They spend 6 days digging coal and are exposed to such toxic environmental conditions, all to earn their family an extra $25 a week. — Follow us on social media:
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Olympic National Park is an American national park located in the State of Washington, on the Olympic Peninsula. The park has four regions: the Pacific coastline, alpine areas, the west side temperate rainforest and the forests of the drier east side. Within the park there are three distinct ecosystems which are subalpine forest and wildflower meadow, temperate forest, and the rugged Pacific coast.
President Theodore Roosevelt originally designated Mount Olympus National Monument on 2 March 1909. The monument was redesignated as a national park by Congress and President Franklin Roosevelt on June 29, 1938. In 1976, Olympic National Park was designated by UNESCO as an International Biosphere Reserve, and in 1981 as a World Heritage Site. In 1988, Congress designated 95 percent of the park as the Olympic Wilderness.
Animals that inhabit this national park are chipmunks, squirrels, skunks, six species of bats, weasels, coyotes, muskrats, fishers, river otters, beavers, red foxes, mountain goats, martens, bobcats, black bears, Canadian lynxes, moles, snowshoe hares, shrews, and cougars. Whales, dolphins, sea lions, seals, and sea otters swim near this park offshore. Birds that fly in this park including raptors are Winter wrens, and Canada jays, Hammonds flycatchers, Wilsons warblers, Blue Grouses, Pine siskins, ravens, spotted owls, Red-breasted nuthatches, Golden-crowned kinglets, Chestnut-backed chickadees, Swainsons thrushes, Red crossbills, Hermit thrushes, Olive-sided flycatchers, bald eagles, Western tanagers, Northern pygmy owls, Townsends warblers, Townsends solitaires, Vauxs swifts, band-tailed pigeons, and evening grosbeaks.
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Imagine you are flying above the African savannah, swimming under Antarctic ice, climbing up Amazon trees and diving the Marianna abyss.
Imagine you can suddenly see in the night, hear ultra-sounds, decode radar waves and detect electric fields.
1,2,3… you are a lion or else a dolphin, a bear or a vulture!
Using the latest technologies of image treatment and stock footage from Saint Thomas Productions’ extensive film library, this wildlife series presents an insider’s view of the predators’ life and senses. Both spectacular and entertaining, the series gives a modern outlook on nature and its most spectacular ambassadors: predators.
Each episode depicts a predator and its hunting techniques in its natural habitat. Following the principles of a food chain, the programmes jump from one animal to the next, from hunter to prey.
Poles
Mirages are shaping over the immaculate ice shelf. Close up shot of a bear inhaling the frozen air. From the bear’s point of view, we understand that… he is smelling a seal. This odour is that of a young ringed seal hidden under a thin layer of snow. A few steps and paw swipes to clear the animal and uncover a young ringed seal snack. Under the ice shelf, protected from bears by several meters of frozen ice, belugas- the white whales- are hunting halibut. In their tridimensional environment, individuals can communicate the good hunting spots while kilometres apart. The chattering of these ghost hunters is continuous. At the South Pole, leopard seals hunt in silence. But they are nonetheless excellent tacticians. Their hunt is based on their excellent sight, experience and a perfect knowledge of their prey’s calendar. When do the parent penguins go off to feed at sea, when do they return, when are the young going to take their first bath and where exactly will they get into the water? The answers to these questions are all part of the leopard seal’s hunting culture. We follow his adventures under the surface of ice-covered bays. When his hunting season comes to an end at fall, the Northern spring wakes the polar bear which goes off to hunt. Our year in the lives of Pole predators comes to a close.
Author(s): Frédéric Bernadicou et Julien Naar
Director(s): Frédéric Bernadicou et Julien Naar
Year: 2006
Producer(s): Saint Thomas Productions
Running time: 2x52mn
Format: Digital Beta Super 16 mm
Distributor(s): Saint Thomas Productions — Follow us on social media:
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Borneo has one of the last primary forests in Southeast Asia. A treasure that makes the fortune of forestry operations. Loggers and drivers come from all over Indonesia to seek the best wages in the country, slaughtering with all their might. Dangerous work carried out under extreme conditions. Massive deforestation has disfigured the region to the point of endangering the wildlife and indigenous peoples who live there. Borneo, the fourth largest island in the world, has become the symbol of this unequal struggle against the big companies which exploit its wealth to the detriment of its inhabitants, its fauna and its flora.