The Mars helicopter, ‘Ingenuity’, along with the new rover ‘Perseverance’ are scheduled to land on February 18th 2021. The local time on Mars will be approximately 3.45pm at Jezero Crater. Engineers at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Lab have stated the best time to fly Ingenuity is around 11am local time, and flying at night will be strictly forbidden.

Today’s video will feature all you need to know about flying on Mars, how Martian time zones are calculated and why flying at night is a bad idea. We hope you enjoy.

There is one standard time on Mars, developed by astronomers in the 1830’s. It’s called Mars Coordinated Time, or MTC for short. All of the rovers have offset times which correspond to MTC, which is known as the ‘Prime Meridian’.

So why does this matter? Why is it so important that we know the local time on Mars?

Just like on Earth, depending on where the Sun is in the sky, things change. Temperature, visibility, wind speeds, and even the density of the atmosphere.

Firstly, temperature variations on Mars are wild. In the Martian summer near the equator, temperatures can reach a cosy 20 Degrees Celsius. However, during the night temperatures can plummet to -73 Degrees Celsius. At these frosty temperatures, critical mechanisms on board the rovers can fail. For this reason, most Martian landers have built in heating systems, to survive the night time extremes.

This issue is what led to the demise of the Opportunity rover. After experiencing a global Martian dust storm which blocked it’s solar panels, the battery was expended. During the following days and nights, the heating system was unable to power up, meaning the extreme temperatures irreversibly damaged the rover’s internal components.

NASA have avoided this problem in future rovers, using nuclear power in rovers from Curiosity onwards.
The Mars helicopter ‘Ingenuity’, which we are nicknaming as ‘Genie’, has a multitude of other problems to answer. Unfortunately, using nuclear power would be too heavy for flying on Mars, so this craft uses solar.

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Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/Cornell Univ./Arizona State Univ.
Music: Epidemic Sound

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The HASSELL design for a Mars Habitat has reached the final 10 of NASA’s 3D Printing Centennial Challenge. This NASA competition sought perspectives from outside the traditional aerospace industry, to explore how a human habitat could be designed and delivered on Mars using autonomous 3D printing technologies. HASSELL partnered with Eckersley O’Callaghan to design the external shell which could be constructed entirely by autonomous robots using Mars’ natural regolith.

Final film has been made in collaboration with the team at LightField London.

A ludicrous expedition to Mars launched with a single 15 kiloton rocket.
Mods used:
Real Solar System
FAR
Deadly Rentry
KW rocketry
Kerbal Joint Reinforcement
TAC life support

Music:
The End Run — Mass Effect 2
7 Minutes of Terror — John Beck-Hofmann

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With the launch period of NASAs Mars 2020 Perseverance rover opening in 14 weeks, final preparations of the spacecraft continue at the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. In the past week, the assembly, test and launch operations team completed important milestones, fueling the descent stage — also known as the sky crane — and attaching the Mars Helicopter, which will be the first aircraft in history to attempt power-controlled flight on another planet.

STORY — www.americaspace.com/2020/04/14/mars-helicopter-attached-to-perseverance-rover-for-july-launch-to-red-planet/

After the descent stage fueling, the system that will deliver the Mars Helicopter to the surface of the Red Planet was integrated with Perseverance. The helicopter, which weighs 4 pounds (1.8 kilograms) and features propellers 4 feet (1.2 meters) in diameter, is cocooned within the delivery system. In one of the first steps in the day-long process on April 6, technicians and engineers made 34 electrical connections between the rover, the helicopter and its delivery system on the rovers belly. After confirming data and commands could be sent and received, they attached the delivery system to the rover.

Finally, the team confirmed the helicopter could receive an electrical charge from the rover. Before being deployed onto the surface of Jezero Crater, the Mars Helicopter will rely on the rover for power. Afterward, it will generate its own electrical power through a solar panel located above its twin counter-rotating propellers.

The helicopter will remain encapsulated on the rovers belly for the next year and will be deployed around the beginning of May — roughly two-and-a-half months after Perseverances landing. Once the rover drives about 330 feet (100 meters) away and the helicopter undergoes an extensive systems check, it will execute a flight-test campaign for up to 30 days.

The Perseverance rover is a robotic scientist weighing 2,260 pounds (1,025 kilograms). It will search for signs of past microbial life, characterize the planets climate and geology, collect samples for future return to Earth and pave the way for human exploration of the Red Planet. No matter what day Perseverance launches during its July 17-Aug. 5 launch period, it will land on Mars Jezero Crater on Feb. 18, 2021.

Credits: NASA

In her final days as Commander of the International Space Station, Sunita Williams of NASA recorded an extensive tour of the orbital laboratory and downlinked the video on Nov. 18, just hours before she, cosmonaut Yuri Malenchenko and Flight Engineer Aki Hoshide of the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency departed in their Soyuz TMA-05M spacecraft for a landing on the steppe of Kazakhstan. The tour includes scenes of each of the stations modules and research facilities with a running narrative by Williams of the work that has taken place and which is ongoing aboard the orbital outpost.

The stakes are high for NASAs newest rover. Years of hard work and millions of dollars could be burnt into the Martian soil if one mistake has been made!

The Perseverance Rover represents the latest in a long line of remote robotic exploration vehicles sent to the red planet over the last 44 years.
It seeks to answer further questions raised by it’s predecessor Curiosity – which made its landing on Mars in 2012 and was the most ambitious mission flown by NASA at that time.
This ‘little engine that could’ has now been on Mars for almost 8 Earth years – 2835 Mars days to be exact. It has fulfilled it’s primary mission of finding evidence of organic molecules and geological change on Mars.
It continues to explore and search for water in the form of ice.
All this was possible due to Curiositys successful landing. But how likely is Perseverance to have a successful touchdown?

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Credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/MSSS/Cornell Univ./Arizona State Univ.
Music: Epidemic Sound

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Looking up at the sky inspires deep moments of introspection and curiosity. It’s easy to feel small under a starry night sky.

★ TOP 10 — Best of Hubble Space Telescope — 2015 ► www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lmx19_...

THE SUN is the star at the center of the Solar System and is by far the most important source of energy for life on Earth. It is a nearly perfect spherical ball of hot plasma with internal convective motion that generates a magnetic field via a dynamo process. Its diameter is about 109 times that of Earth, and it has a mass about 330,000 times that of Earth, accounting for about 99.86% of the total mass of the Solar System. Chemically, about three quarters of the Suns mass consists of hydrogen, whereas the rest is mostly helium, and much smaller quantities of heavier elements, including oxygen, carbon, neon and iron

THE PISTOL STAR is a blue hypergiant and is one of the most luminous known stars in the Milky Way Galaxy. It is one of many massive young stars in the Quintuplet cluster in the Galactic Center region. The star owes its name to the shape of the Pistol Nebula, which it illuminates. It is located approximately 25,000 light years from Earth in the direction of Sagittarius. It would be visible to the naked eye as a fourth magnitude star if it were not for the interstellar dust that completely hides it from view in visible light.

VY CANIS MAJORIS (VY CMa) is a red hypergiant star located in the constellation Canis Major. It is one of the largest stars (at one time the largest known) and also one of the most luminous of its type, and has a radius of approximately 1,420 ± 120 solar radii (equal to a diameter of 13.2 astronomical units, or about 1,976,640,000 km), and is located about 1.2 kiloparsecs (3,900 light-years) from Earth.

UY SCUTI is a bright red supergiant and pulsating variable star in the constellation Scutum. It is one of the leading candidates for being the largest known star by radius and is also one of the most luminous of its kind. It has an estimated average median radius of 1,708 solar radii, or a diameter of 2.4 billion km (1.5 billion mi; 15.9 AU); thus a volume 5 billion times that of the Sun. It is approximately 2.9 kiloparsecs (9,500 light years) from Earth.

Narrated by Scott Wayne
Created by Anders Heli Hansen

★ The Biggest MONSTER Stars — Compared to our Sun — Infographic Animation | HD © Heli

Astrophysicist Dr. Neil DeGrasse Tyson was asked by a reader of TIME magazine, “What is the most astounding fact you can share with us about the Universe?" This is the answer he gave…

★ The Largest Stars in the Universe | Infographic Animation ► www.youtube.com/watch?v=JqAJnrL27OY
★ TOP 10 — Best of Hubble Space Telescope — 2015 ► www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lmx19_0GX8o
★ Tour the International Space Station — Inside ISS — HD ► www.youtube.com/watch?v=WkYz43qALMU

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